Antiquities of the Jews — Book 7, Chapter 5

1. A Litlle while after this, he considered that he ought to make war
against the Philistines, and not to see any idleness or laziness
permitted in his management, that so it might prove, as God had foretold
to him, that when he had overthrown his enemies, he should leave his
posterity to reign in peace afterward: so he called together his army
again, and when he had charged them to be ready and prepared for war,
and when he thought that all things in his army were in a good state, he
removed from Jerusalem, and came against the Philistines; and when he
had overcome them in battle, and had cut off a great part of their
country, and adjoined it to the country of the Hebrews, he transferred
the war to the Moabites; and when he had overcome two parts of their
army in battle, he took the remaining part captive, and imposed tribute
upon them, to be paid annually. He then made war against Iadadezer, the
son of Rehob, king of Sophene; 10 and when he had joined battle with him
at 'the river Euphrates, he destroyed twenty thousand of his footmen,
and about seven thousand of his horsemen. He also took a thousand of his
chariots, and destroyed the greatest part of them, and ordered that no
more than one hundred should be kept. 11

2. Now when Hadad, king of Damascus and of Syria, heard that David
fought against Hadadezer, who was his friend, he came to his assistance
with a powerful army, in hopes to rescue him; and when he had joined
battle with David at the river Euphrates, he failed of his purpose, and
lost in the battle a great number of his soldiers; for there were slain
of the army of Hadad twenty thousand, and all the rest fled. Nicelens
also [of Damascus] makes mention of this king in the fourth book of his
histories; where he speaks thus: "A great while after these things had
happened, there was one of that country whose name was Hadad, who was
become very potent; he reigned over Damascus, and, the other parts of
Syria, excepting Phoenicia. He made war against David, the king of
Judea, and tried his fortune in many battles, and particularly in the
last battle at Euphrates, wherein he was beaten. He seemed to have been
the most excellent of all their kings in strength and manhood," Nay,
besides this, he says of his posterity, that "they succeeded one another
in his kingdom, and in his name;" where he thus speaks: "When Hadad was
dead, his posterity reigned for ten generations, each of his successors
receiving from his father that his dominion, and this his name; as did
the Ptolemies in Egypt. But the third was the most powerful of them all,
and was willing to avenge the defeat his forefather had received; so he
made an expedition against the Jews, and laid waste the city which is
now called Samaria." Nor did he err from the truth; for this is that
Hadad who made the expedition against Samaria, in the reign of Ahab,
king of Israel, concerning whom we shall speak in due place hereafter.

3. Now when David had made an expedition against Damascus, and the other
parts of Syria, and had brought it all into subjection, and had placed
garrisons in the country, and appointed that they should pay tribute, he
returned home. He also dedicated to God at Jerusalem the golden quivers,
the entire armor which the guards of Hadad used to wear; which Shishak,
the king of Egypt, took away when he fought with David's grandson,
Rehoboam, with a great deal of other wealth which he carried out of
Jerusalem. However, these things will come to be explained in their
proper places hereafter. Now as for the king of the Hebrews, he was
assisted by God, who gave him great success in his wars, and he made all
expedition against the best cities of Hadadezer, Betah and Machen; so he
took them by force, and laid them waste. Therein was found a very great
quantity of gold and silver, besides that sort of brass which is said to
be more valuable than gold; of which brass Solomon made that large
vessel which was called The [Brazen] Sea, and those most curious lavers,
when he built the temple for God.

4. But when the king of Hamath was informed of the ill success of
Hadadezer, and had heard of the ruin of his army, he was afraid on his
own account, and resolved to make a league of friendship and fidelity
with David before he should come against him; so he sent to him his son
Joram, and professed that he owed him thanks for fighting against
Hadadezer, who was his enemy, and made a league with him of mutual
assistance and friendship. He also sent him presents, vessels of ancient
workmanship, both of gold, of silver, and of brass. So when David had
made this league of mutual assistance with Toi, [for that was the name
of the king of Hamath,] and had received the presents he sent him, he
dismissed his son with that respect which was due on both sides; but
then David brought those presents that were sent by him, as also the
rest of the gold and silver which he had taken of the cities whom he had
conquered, and dedicated them to God. Nor did God give victory and
success to him only when he went to the battle himself, and led his own
army, but he gave victory to Abishai, the brother of Joab, general of
his forces, over the Idumeans, 12 and by him to David, when he sent him
with an army into Idumea: for Abishai destroyed eighteen thousand of
them in the battle; whereupon the king [of Israel] placed garrisons
through all Idumea, and received the tribute of the country, and of
every head among them. Now David was in his nature just, and made his
determination with regard to truth. He had for the general of his whole
army Joab; and he made Jehoshaphat, the son of Ahilud, recorder. He also
appointed Zadok, of the family of Phinehas, to be high priest, together
with Abiathar, for he was his friend. He also made Seisan the scribe,
and committed the command over the guards of his body to Benaiah; the
son of Jehoiada. His elder sons were near his body, and had the care of
it also.

5. He also called to mind the covenants and the oaths he had made with
Jonathan, the son of Saul, and the friendship and affection Jonathan had
for him; for besides all the rest of his excellent qualities with which
he was endowed, he was also exceeding mindful of such as had at other
times bestowed benefits upon him. He therefore gave order that inquiry
should be made, whether any of Jonathan's lineage were living, to whom
he might make return of that familiar acquaintance which Jonathan had
had with him, and for which he was still debtor. And when one of Saul's
freed men was brought to him, who was acquainted with those of his
family that were still living, he asked him whether he could tell him of
any one belonging to Jonathan that was now alive, and capable of a
requital of the benefits which he had received from Jonathan. And he
said, that a son of his was remaining, whose name was Mephibosheth, but
that he was lame of his feet; for that when his nurse heard that the
father and grandfather of the child were fallen in the battle, she
snatched him up, and fled away, and let him fall from her shoulders, and
his feet were lamed. So when he had learned where and by whom he was
brought up, he sent messengers to Machir, to the city of Lodebar, for
with him was the son of Jonathan brought up, and sent for him to come to
him. So when Mephibosheth came to the king, he fell on his face and
worshipped him; but David encouraged him, bade him be of good cheer, and
expect better times. So he gave him his father's house, and all the
estate which his grandfather Saul was in possession of, and bade him
come and diet with him at his own table, and never to be absent one day
from that table. And when the youth had worshipped him on account of his
words and gifts given to him, he called for Ziba, and told him that he
had given the youth his father's house, and all Saul's estate. He also
ordered that Ziba should cultivate his land, and take care of it, and
bring him the profits of all to Jerusalem. Accordingly, David brought
him to his table every day, and bestowed upon the youth, Ziba and his
sons, who were in number fifteen, and his servants, who were in number
twenty. When the king had made these appointments, and Ziba had
worshipped him, and promised to do all that he had bidden him, he went
his way; so that this son of Jonathan dwelt at Jerusalem, and dieted at
the king's table, and had the same care that a son could claim taken of
him. He also had himself a son, whom he named Micha.