Antiquities of the Jews — Book 7, Chapter 4

1. When the Philistines understood that David was made king of the
Hebrews, they made war against him at Jerusalem; and when they had
seized upon that valley which is called The Valley of the Giants, and is
a place not far from the city, they pitched their camp therein; but the
king of the Jews, who never permitted himself to do any thing without
prophecy, 6 and the command of God and without depending on him as a
security for the time to come, bade the high priest to foretell to him
what was the will of God, and what would be the event of this battle.
And when he foretold that he should gain the victory and the dominion,
he led out his army against the Philistines; and when the battle was
joined, he came himself behind, and fell upon the enemy on the sudden,
and slew some of them, and put the rest to flight. And let no one
suppose that it was a small army of the Philistines that came against
the Hebrews, as guessing so from the suddenness of their defeat, and
from their having performed no great action, or that was worth
recording, from the slowness of their march, and want of courage; but
let him know that all Syria and Phoenicia, with many other nations
besides them, and those warlike nations also, came to their assistance,
and had a share in this war, which thing was the only cause why, when
they had been so often conquered, and had lost so many ten thousands of
their men, they still came upon the Hebrews with greater armies; nay,
indeed, when they had so often failed of their purpose in these battles,
they came upon David with an army three times as numerous as before, and
pitched their camp on the same spot of ground as before. The king of
Israel therefore inquired of God again concerning the event of the
battle; and the high priest prophesied to him, that he should keep his
army in the groves, called the Groves of Weeping, which were not far
from the enemy's camp, and that he should not move, nor begin to fight,
till the trees of the grove should be in motion without the wind's
blowing; but as soon as these trees moved, and the time foretold to him
by God was come, he should, without delay, go out to gain what was an
already prepared and evident victory; for the several ranks of the
enemy's army did not sustain him, but retreated at the first onset, whom
he closely followed, and slew them as he went along, and pursued them to
the city Gaza [which is the limit of their country]: after this he
spoiled their camp, in which he found great riches; and he destroyed
their gods.

2. When this had proved the event of the battle, David thought it
proper, upon a consultation with the elders, and rulers, and captains of
thousands, to send for those that were in the flower of their age out of
all his countrymen, and out of the whole land, and withal for the
priests and the Levites, in order to their going to Kirjathjearim, to
bring up the ark of God out of that city, and to carry it to Jerusalem,
and there to keep it, and offer before it those sacrifices and those
other honors with which God used to be well-pleased; for had they done
thus in the reign of Saul, they had not undergone any great misfortunes
at all. So when the whole body of the people were come together, as they
had resolved to do, the king came to the ark, which the priest brought
out of the house of Aminadab, and laid it upon a new cart, and permitted
their brethren and their children to draw it, together with the oxen.
Before it went the king, and the whole multitude of the people with him,
singing hymns to God, and making use of all sorts of songs usual among
them, with variety of the sounds of musical instruments, and with
dancing and singing of psalms, as also with the sounds of trumpets and
of cymbals, and so brought the ark to Jerusalem. But as they were come
to the threshing-floor of Chidon, a place so called, Uzzah was slain by
the anger of God; for as the oxen shook the ark, he stretched out his
hand, and would needs take hold of it. Now, because he was not a priest
7 and yet touched the ark, God struck him dead. Hereupon both the king
and the people were displeased at the death of Uzzah; and the place
where he died is still called the Breach of Uzzah unto this day. So
David was afraid; and supposing that if he received the ark to himself
into the city, he might suffer in the like manner as Uzzah had suffered,
who, upon his bare putting out his hand to the ark, died in the manner
already mentioned, he did not receive it to himself into the city, but
he took it aside unto a certain place belonging to a righteous man,
whose name was Obededom, who was by his family a Levite, and deposited
the ark with him; and it remained there three entire months. This
augmented the house of Obededom, and conferred many blessings upon it.
And when the king heard what had befallen Obededom, how he was become,
of a poor man in a low estate, exceeding happy, and the object of envy
to all those that saw or inquired after his house, he took courage, and,
hoping that he should meet with no misfortune thereby, he transferred
the ark to his own house; the priests carrying it, while seven companies
of singers, who were set in that order by the king, went before it, and
while he himself played upon the harp, and joined in the music,
insomuch, that when his wife Michel, the daughter of Saul, who was our
first king, saw him so doing, she laughed at him. But when they had
brought in the ark, they placed it under the tabernacle which David had
pitched for it, and he offered costly sacrifices and peace-offerings,
and treated the whole multitude, and dealt both to the women, and the
men, and the infants a loaf of bread and a cake, and another cake baked
in a pan, with the portion of the sacrifice. So when he had thus feasted
the people, he sent them away, and he himself returned to his own house.

3. But when Michal his wife, the daughter of Saul, came and stood by
him, she wished him all other happiness, and entreated that whatsoever
he should further desire, to the utmost possibility, might be given him
by God, and that he might be favorable to him; yet did she blame him,
that so great a king as he was should dance after an unseemly manner,
and in his dancing, uncover himself among the servants and the
handmaidens. But he replied, that he was not ashamed to do what was
acceptable to God, who had preferred him before her father, and before
all others; that he would play frequently, and dance, without any regard
to what the handmaidens and she herself thought of it. So this Michal,
who was David's wife, had no children; however, when she was afterward
married to him to whom Saul her father had given her, [for at this time
David had taken her away from him, and had her himself,] she bare five
children. But concerning those matters I shall discourse in a proper
place.

4. Now when the king saw that his affairs grew better almost every day,
by the will of God, he thought he should offend him, if, while he
himself continued in houses made of cedar, such as were of a great
height, and had the most curious works of architecture in them, he
should overlook the ark while it was laid in a tabernacle, and was
desirous to build a temple to God, as Moses had predicted such a temple
should be built. 8 And when he had discoursed with Nathan the prophet
about these things, and had been encouraged by him to do whatsoever he
had a mind to do, as having God with him, and his helper in all things,
he was thereupon the more ready to set about that building. But God
appeared to Nathan that very night, and commanded him to say to David, 9
that he took his purpose and his desires kindly, since nobody had before
now taken it into their head to build him a temple, although upon his
having such a notion he would not permit him to build him that temple,
because he had made many wars, and was defiled with the slaughter of his
enemies; that, however, after his death, in his old age, and when he had
lived a long life, there should be a temple built by a son of his, who
should take the kingdom after him, and should be called Solomon, whom he
promised to provide for, as a father provides for his son, by preserving
the kingdom for his son's posterity, and delivering it to them; but that
he would still punish him, if he sinned, with diseases and barrenness of
land. When David understood this from the prophet, and was overjoyful at
this knowledge of the sure continuance of the dominion to his posterity,
and that his house should be splendid, and very famous, he came to the
ark, and fell down on his face, and began to adore God, and to return
thanks to him for all his benefits, as well for those that he had
already bestowed upon him in raising him from a low state, and from the
employment of a shepherd, to so great dignity of dominion and glory; as
for those also which he had promised to his posterity; and besides, for
that providence which he had exercised over the Hebrews in procuring
them the liberty they enjoyed. And when he had said thus, and had sung a
hymn of praise to God, he went his way.