חסיל. The word occurs Deut. xxviii, 38; Psa. lxviii, 46;
Isa. xxxiii, 4; 1 Kings viii, 37; 2 Chron. vi, 28; Joel i, 4; ii, 25. In
the four last cited texts, it is distinguished from the locust, properly
so called; and in Joel i, 4, is mentioned as “eating up” what the other
species had left, and therefore might be called _the consumer_, by way
of eminence. But the ancient interpreters are far from being agreed what
particular species it signifies. The Septuagint in Chronicles, and
Aquila in Psalms, render it βροῦχος: so the Vulgate in Chronicles and
Isaiah, and Jerom in Psalms, _bruchus_, the chafer, which is a great
devourer of leaves. From the Syriac version, however, Michaëlis is
disposed to understand it the _taupe grillon_, “mole cricket,” which, in
its grub state, is very destructive to corn and other vegetables, by
feeding on their roots. See LOCUST.
CATHOLIC denotes what is general or universal. The rise of heresies
induced the primitive Christian church to assume to itself the
appellation of _catholic_, as being a characteristic to distinguish
itself from them. The Romish church now proudly assumes the title
_catholic_, in opposition to all who have separated from her communion,
and whom she considers as heretics and schismatics, while she herself
remains the only true and Christian church. The church of Christ is
called catholic, because it extends throughout the world, and endures
through all time.
2. CATHOLIC, _general_, Epistles. They are seven in number; namely, one
of James, two of Peter, three of John, and one of Jude. They are called
catholic, because directed to Christian converts generally, and not to
any particular church. Hug, in his “Introduction to the New Testament,”
takes another view of the import of this term, which was certainly used
at an early period, as by Origen and others:--“When the Gospels and Acts
of the Apostles constituted one peculiar division, the works of Paul
also another, there still remained writings of different authors, which
might likewise form a collection of themselves, to which a name must be
given. It might most aptly be called _the common collection_, καθολικὸν
σύνταγμα, of the Apostles, and the treatises contained in it, κοιναὶ and
καθολικαὶ, which are commonly used by the Greeks as synonyms. For this
we find a proof even in the most ancient ecclesiastical language.
Clemens Alexandrinus calls the epistle which was despatched by the
assembly of the Apostles, Acts xv, 23, the ‘catholic epistle,’ as that
in which all the Apostles had a share, την ἐπιστολὴν καθολικὴν τῶν
Ἀποστόλων ἅπαντων. Hence our seven epistles are catholic, or epistles of
_all_ the Apostles who are authors.”
Isa. xxxiii, 4; 1 Kings viii, 37; 2 Chron. vi, 28; Joel i, 4; ii, 25. In
the four last cited texts, it is distinguished from the locust, properly
so called; and in Joel i, 4, is mentioned as “eating up” what the other
species had left, and therefore might be called _the consumer_, by way
of eminence. But the ancient interpreters are far from being agreed what
particular species it signifies. The Septuagint in Chronicles, and
Aquila in Psalms, render it βροῦχος: so the Vulgate in Chronicles and
Isaiah, and Jerom in Psalms, _bruchus_, the chafer, which is a great
devourer of leaves. From the Syriac version, however, Michaëlis is
disposed to understand it the _taupe grillon_, “mole cricket,” which, in
its grub state, is very destructive to corn and other vegetables, by
feeding on their roots. See LOCUST.
CATHOLIC denotes what is general or universal. The rise of heresies
induced the primitive Christian church to assume to itself the
appellation of _catholic_, as being a characteristic to distinguish
itself from them. The Romish church now proudly assumes the title
_catholic_, in opposition to all who have separated from her communion,
and whom she considers as heretics and schismatics, while she herself
remains the only true and Christian church. The church of Christ is
called catholic, because it extends throughout the world, and endures
through all time.
2. CATHOLIC, _general_, Epistles. They are seven in number; namely, one
of James, two of Peter, three of John, and one of Jude. They are called
catholic, because directed to Christian converts generally, and not to
any particular church. Hug, in his “Introduction to the New Testament,”
takes another view of the import of this term, which was certainly used
at an early period, as by Origen and others:--“When the Gospels and Acts
of the Apostles constituted one peculiar division, the works of Paul
also another, there still remained writings of different authors, which
might likewise form a collection of themselves, to which a name must be
given. It might most aptly be called _the common collection_, καθολικὸν
σύνταγμα, of the Apostles, and the treatises contained in it, κοιναὶ and
καθολικαὶ, which are commonly used by the Greeks as synonyms. For this
we find a proof even in the most ancient ecclesiastical language.
Clemens Alexandrinus calls the epistle which was despatched by the
assembly of the Apostles, Acts xv, 23, the ‘catholic epistle,’ as that
in which all the Apostles had a share, την ἐπιστολὴν καθολικὴν τῶν
Ἀποστόλων ἅπαντων. Hence our seven epistles are catholic, or epistles of
_all_ the Apostles who are authors.”